硕士研究生学位论文
观念背后的契合与碰撞
——美台关系的建构主义分析
姓 名: 赵伯佳
学 号：2005023015
专 业：国际关系
方 向：台湾问题
导 师：刘红 研究员 教授
完成时间： 2007 年 5月
答辩日期： 2007 年 6月 8日
版权声明
任何收存和保管本论文各种版本的单位和个人，未经本论文作者同意，不得将本论文转借他人，亦不得随意复制、抄录、拍照或以任何方式传播。否则，引起有碍作者著作权之问题，将可能承担法律责任。
摘 要
台湾问题事关我国的国家安全、国家统一和四化建设战略目标的实现等一系列根本利益，深刻影响着21世纪中华民族的命运。台湾问题自它产生之日起，就牵动着海峡两岸亿万中国人的心。迄今，五十余年过去了，中国尚处于分裂状态；但要求祖国完全统一的呼声随着祖国大陆的不断发展强大而进一步高涨。回顾历史，审视现实，我们看到，台湾问题之所以迟迟得不到解决，除了岛内因素作用外，更主要的是美国从中长期阻挠所致。
秉承理念主义思维逻辑的建构主义理论认为，基于政权组织形式差异而形成的国家“身份意识”对于国家外交政策的制定具有重大影响。文章借用建构主义的分析视角，通过分析中国台湾对美开展“身份外交”的政策行为以及美国对美台“身份认同”的发展演变，对美台关系中“身份”因素的作用和影响进行阐析。进入20世纪90年代，建构主义有了很大的发展，并成为当代西方主流的国际关系理论之一。它不同于传统的现实主义、新现实主义等重视物质力量的理论，而是注重观念层面，它强调文化建构了国家的身份，而由身份界定的国家利益在某种程度上决定着国家的对外政策和对外交往行为。从建构主义的视角来看中美关系,由于两国在互动中形成了竞争对手的角色关系，两国由这种角色定位出发而采取的维护国家利益的行为，使两国难免出现摩擦，甚至产生冲突。因此，两国之间要建立一种和谐的关系，还有一段艰难的路要走。
本文综合国内外多家观点，特别是不断研究有关台湾问题的新现象、新问题、新观点，力求从历史与现实结合的角度出发，探索台海局势中有规律性的问题，从而寻求解决中美关系中的台湾问题的具体对策，以服务于祖国统一大业。
[关键词]:建构主义;中美关系;美台关系；
Abstract
The Taiwan issue concerns China's national security, national unity and modernization,and a series of strategic objectives to achieve the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation profoundly affect the fate of the 21st century.Taiwan issue since it had the date on the affects millions of Chinese people on both sides of the strait to the heart. To date, more than 50 years have passed, China is divided; But for the complete reunification of the motherland as the Chinese mainland to voice strong and
constant development of further high.Looking back in history and looking at reality, we see that the Taiwan issue is still unresolved, with the exception of the domestic factor role, mainly due to the United States from long-term obstruction. Especially after the end of the Cold War, the United States based on the ambition to dominate the world, strengthening the prevention and containment of China, the Taiwan issue in Sino-US relations is again becoming prominent as the United States to contain China "card."
According to the theory of constructivism,identity consciousness among states has a profound influence upon policmaking.In this paper,the authors try to explore the“identity diplomacy”of Taiwan toward the United States,and the development of“identity identification”on the part of the United States toward Taiwan,so as to examine and analyze significance and influence of identity in US-Taiwan relations.In 1990’s,constructivism has become one of the essential western theories of international relations.Different from traditional international relation theories such as realism and neorealism which value material power,constructivism focuses on ideals. It stresses that it is culture that constructs the national identity and the national interest defined by identify that to some extent determines a nation’s foreign policies. Judging Sino-US relationship from the perspective of constructivism，we can often find conflicts. It is mainly because the two counties regard each other as rivals according to their shared knowledge. Therefore, we think there’s along rough way to go for the two countries to establish a harmonious relationship.
This paper synthesizes many standpoints,phenomena,new problems, and new points especially researches new about Taiwan problems constantly. From the angle of the union of history and realism, some regularly problems about Taiwan Channel are probed into, and the strategy to solving Taiwan problems within Sino-American relations is sought, in order to unify our country.
